The Complete Guide To Septic Systems
Learn how septic systems work, how to spot problems, and the best maintenance tips to protect your home and property.
If you live in Milton, Georgetown, Oakville, Burlington, or the surrounding Halton Region, you may rely on a septic system instead of a municipal sewer connection. Septic systems are common these communities where municipal sewer lines don’t extend. For many homeowners, the septic system is out of sight and out of mind—until something goes wrong.
A well-maintained septic system can last for decades, but ignoring it can lead to costly repairs, unpleasant smells, and even health risks. That’s why it’s so important to understand how septic systems work, the warning signs of trouble, and how to properly maintain them.
What We’ll Cover:
How septic systems work and the parts that make them function
1
Common septic problems and early warning signs
2
Maintenance best practices to keep your system running smoothly
3
When and why you may need a new septic system installed
4
“Steve and Andrew did a great job fixing our septic effluent pump on a cold blustery January day. Steve ensured we were contacted in a timely manner from our initial call on a Saturday, arranged for the emptying of the septic tank, kept us up to date of our appointment status, arranged for the repair the day after. Cost was reasonable. Overall, very happy with Dunn Right’s service. – Summer S.
Why Septic Systems Matter for Homeowners
Septic systems are essential for homes without access to municipal sewer services. They treat and dispose of household wastewater safely, protecting both your family’s health and the local environment. When working properly, septic systems are low-maintenance and reliable.
However, when neglected, they can cause:
- Sewage backups into your home
- Contamination of groundwater and wells
- Strong odours in your yard
- Expensive system replacements
Because septic systems are buried underground, many issues aren’t obvious until damage has already occurred. Knowing the basics of how your system works and what signs to look for can save you major headaches.
At Plumbing Dunn Right, we’ve helped families across Milton, Georgetown, Oakville, Burlington, Halton Hills, Flamborough, Acton, and Puslinch protect their homes by keeping their septic systems in top shape.
1
How Septic Systems Work
A septic system is made up of three main parts:
- The septic tank – where wastewater flows from your home and solids separate from liquids
- The distribution system – pipes that direct liquid effluent from the tank to the drain field
- The drain field (or leach field) – an underground area where wastewater is filtered naturally by soil before returning to the groundwater
Here’s what happens step by step:
- Wastewater leaves your home through plumbing pipes and enters the septic tank.
- In the tank, solids settle at the bottom as sludge, while oils and grease float to the top as scum.
- The liquid in the middle flows out to the drain field.
- The soil in the drain field naturally filters bacteria and contaminants, cleaning the water before it re-enters the ground.
When each part works as intended, septic systems are efficient and environmentally safe. Problems usually occur when the system is overloaded, poorly maintained, or physically damaged.
2
Common Septic System Problems
Every homeowner should know the red flags that a septic system may be in trouble. Acting quickly can prevent further damage.
- Slow Drains and Gurgling Sounds
If your sinks, showers, or toilets drain slowly, it could mean your tank is full or there’s a blockage. Gurgling noises in the pipes are another early warning sign.
- Sewage Odours Indoors or Outdoors
Smelly drains, basements, or yards often point to septic trouble. Strong odours outside near the tank or drain field mean untreated wastewater may be surfacing.
- Pooling Water Near the Drain Field
A healthy drain field should absorb wastewater underground. If you notice standing water or soggy areas, it means the system is failing.
- Sewage Backups
One of the most serious problems, backups occur when wastewater has nowhere to go. This is a health hazard and needs immediate professional attention.
- Alarming Green Grass Over the Drain Field
If the grass above your drain field is much greener or grows faster than the rest of your yard, it may be getting extra “fertilizer” from leaking wastewater.
“Guys who came over were absolutely amazing. They got me out of a jam on a long weekend when my septic system had an issue, and they got me back up and running asap, and did it phenomenally. They were respectful, experienced, and professional. Thank you so much.” – Kilani Family
3
Septic System Maintenance Basics
Regular care is the key to avoiding emergencies. A well-cared-for system can last 25–30 years or longer.
- Pump Your Tank on Schedule
Most households need pumping every 3–5 years. Larger families or homes with smaller tanks may need it more often.
- Watch What Goes Down the Drain
Never flush items like wipes, paper towels, grease, or chemicals. These can clog pipes or kill helpful bacteria in your tank.
- Protect the Drain Field
Avoid parking cars, planting trees, or installing heavy landscaping over your drain field. Roots and weight can damage pipes.
- Schedule Regular Inspections
Professional inspections catch small issues before they turn into big problems.
- Conserve Water
Too much water at once can overwhelm your septic system. Spread out laundry loads and fix leaky faucets promptly.
4
Installing a New Septic System
Sometimes maintenance isn’t enough, and a new system is necessary. This may be the case if your septic tank is over 30 years old, the drain field has failed, or your household water use has outgrown the system.
What to Expect in the Installation Process:
- Site evaluation and soil testing
- Design and permit applications
- Excavation and tank placement
- Installation of distribution and drain field systems
- Final inspection and testing
In Ontario, septic installations require permits and must meet local regulations. That’s why it’s important to work with licensed professionals like Plumbing Dunn Right.
Quick FAQ
1.How long does a septic system last?
With proper care, a septic system can last 25–30 years or longer.
2.How often should I pump my septic tank?
Most households should pump every 3–5 years, depending on tank size and household use.
3.Can septic systems freeze in winter?
Yes, but proper insulation, snow cover, and maintenance can prevent freezing problems.
4.Is a septic system safe for the environment?
When properly maintained, yes. Septic systems filter wastewater naturally through the soil.
5.What’s the difference between septic and sewer?
A sewer system connects to municipal treatment plants, while a septic system treats wastewater on your property.
Contact Plumbing Dunn Right
Your septic system is one of the most important parts of your home’s plumbing. With the right care, it can last for decades—but when problems arise, you need experts you can trust.
At Plumbing Dunn Right, we pride ourselves on getting it Dunn Right the first time. With over 10 years of experience, our fully licensed and insured team serves homeowners across Milton, Georgetown, Oakville, Burlington, Halton Hills, Flamborough, Acton, and Puslinch.
Whether you need an inspection, maintenance, or a brand-new installation, we’re here to help.